Monday, December 5, 2011

Important Details about Real Estate Investing | Simply Fashion

Saturday, December 3rd, 2011 at 1:20 pm ?


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In recent times, more and more people have gone into real estate investing. When real estate investing were overseen accordingly, it will produce excellent revenue. However, if mismanaged it ends up in failure.

Real estate investing consists of purchasing, ownership, management plus rental of real estate property to gain profit. It easily has always been considered as a risky investment as a result of the numerous aspects affecting it. Extensive comprehension and knowledge of the variables is a key to the success of a good investment.

To be a profitable real-estate investor, you ought to set goals and enjoy the appropriate perspective and information to achieve your goals. On top of that, you must adhere to specific recommendations that would permit you to accomplish your aspirations. To be a wise investor, it will be important to check property values and also rents. Let?s say you sell or rent out-out a property which is much higher as opposed to other properties in nearby locations, then no person would want to invest in your property.

For anyone who is just starting out with real estate investing, begin with the market segment that you know perfectly. This way you realize that you are doing something which you have knowledge of. Furthermore, you are going to gain benefit from the experience that will assist you when you decide to expand your area of specialty.

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It is also vital to be aware of the financial statements thoroughly before actually investing in a property. You should be perfectly educated with everything that has to do with cash, payments, fees and even accounts. You must know when they work and how they work.

Something else you ought to do prior to spending on a property is ensure that you have thorough evaluation of it. Take a look at the location along with the framework of the property. In order to employ a proper examination, it may be easier to use a professional inspector to check the structure on your behalf. Using this method, you?d determine if it would be a prudent investment or maybe a waste of capital.

Obviously, before even pondering over real estate investing, you must be monetarily and mentally ready. Real estate property entails a lot of money and wit which could help in making a good start and embark on having flourishing investments.

Because real estate is a really broad business and the figures shift eventually, you should be open to change. Try to get accustomed to what is new. Using this method, you can continue obtaining investments which are updated, ceasing decrease of funds on your part. Invest sensibly and find out how your investments make continuous revenue.

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Source: http://www.simplyfashion.tk/important-details-about-real-estate-investing/

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Bucs' Freeman out with right shoulder injury (AP)

TAMPA, Fla. ? Tampa Bay quarterback Josh Freeman is inactive for Sunday's game against Carolina, ending a streak of 36 consecutive starts.

Freeman hurt his right throwing shoulder during the Buccaneers' final offensive play of last week's 23-17 loss to Tennessee and was limited in practice during preparation for the Panthers.

The third-year pro has started every game since moving into the lineup when the Bucs were 0-7 in his rookie season. He led them to a surprising 10-6 record in 2010, but has struggled this year. Tampa Bay took a five-game losing streak into Sunday's game.

Josh Johnson started against Carolina. His backup was Rudy Carpenter, who was promoted from the practice squad on Saturday.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111204/ap_on_sp_fo_ne/fbn_buccaneers_freeman_out

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Sunday, December 4, 2011

Russia vote watchdog head detained before election (Reuters)

MOSCOW (Reuters) ? The head of an independent Russian election watchdog was detained for 12 hours at a Moscow airport Saturday as part of attempts to stop it monitoring Sunday's vote for a new parliament, the group's lawyer said.

Golos leader Liliya Shibanova was held by customs officers at Sheremetyevo airport after returning from a trip abroad on the eve of the election, in which Vladimir Putin's United Russia is likely to have its huge parliamentary majority reduced.

The Western-funded group's lawyer, Ramid Akhmetgaliyev, told Reuters the customs officers copied contents of her laptop computer and Golos deputy head Grigory Melkonyants said her laptop had been confiscated.

Hours earlier, the United States had expressed concern about "what appears to be a pattern of harassment" of Golos, which has aired reports of alleged violations in Russian elections.

A Moscow court ruled late Friday that Golos had violated a ban on the publication of opinion poll results within five days of the election to the State Duma lower house.

During the campaign, Prime Minister Putin has accused foreign countries of meddling in the preparations for the election -- and for a March presidential election he is expected to win -- by funding organizations in Russia.

"The pressure on Golos and its leaders (is) an attempt to block their activities involving independent public monitoring of the election," Akhmetgaliyev said.

Akhmetgaliyev said customs authorities had no legal right to examine or copy the contents of Shibanova's computer and had violated her rights by preventing him seeing her during her detention.

"They told me that they had information that I was supposedly bringing some sort of dangerous software across the border," Shibanova told Ekho Moskvy radio.

Akhmetgaliyev also disputed the court decision, which came with a 30,000-rouble ($970) fine. He said Golos had published allegations of campaign violations, not opinion poll results.

U.S. President Barack Obama's administration expressed concern Friday about the court ruling.

"The Obama administration is concerned with today's decision by a Moscow court regarding ... Golos, as well as what appears to be a pattern of harassment directed against this organization," a White House spokesman said in a statement.

Before the court hearing, Moscow city prosecutors said they were investigating Golos over a complaint by lawmakers objecting to its foreign financing and urging it to stop vote monitoring.

Golos, a non-profit organization founded in 2000, has a hotline for electoral violation allegations and an interactive map showing reported violations.

It openly says its funding comes entirely from Europe and the United States and that this helps it remain objective.

PUTIN CRITICISES WESTERN MEDDLING

During his 2000-2008 presidency, Putin repeatedly accused the West of seeking to weaken Russia and of meddling in its affairs, including by funding non-governmental organizations meant to strengthen democracy.

Formally launching his bid to return to the Kremlin next year by accepting United Russia's nomination at a party congress last Sunday, Putin reiterated these accusations last month.

He said "representatives of some foreign countries are gathering those they are paying money to, so-called grant recipients, to instruct them and assign work in order to influence the election campaign themselves."

He said any such activity was a "wasted effort" because Russians would reject foreign-funded politicians, comparing them to Judas, the traitor of Jesus in the bible.

Critics in Russia and the West accuse Putin of curtailing democracy through a series of electoral reforms during his presidency, which coincided with an oil-fueled economic boom.

His announcement of plans to swap jobs with President Dmitry Medevedev upset some Russians who saw it as a back-room deal agreed with no regard for voters. Putin, 59, could be in power until 2024 if he wins the maximum two more terms as president.

United Russia, which has dominated the Duma since 2003, is expected to retain a clear majority in the chamber though the two-thirds that allow it to pass constitutional changes without opposition support may prove out of reach.

Many voters say they expect the party's result to be boosted by vote rigging and favorable coverage by traditional media. A liberal party led by former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov and two allies is barred from even taking part.

The biggest gainers could be the Communist Party, which is likely to remain the second biggest force 20 years after the fall of the Soviet Union. Vladimir Zhirinovsky's nationalist LDPR also hopes to gain votes from United Russia.

$1 = 30.8947 Russian roubles)

(Additional reporting by Maria Tsvetkova, Editing by Timothy Heritage)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/europe/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111203/wl_nm/us_russia_election

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Associate Director of Digital Communications (Davidson College) at ...

Davidson College seeks a strategic, thoughtful, client-focused Associate Director to serve as a key member of the digital communications team. Working with the director, a multimedia producer, and colleagues in the College Communications Office, Information Technology Services, and elsewhere on campus, this digital communications strategist, workflow analyst, and content provider will coordinate and guide the development of Davidson's online presence, including its Web sites, Intranet, e-mail, and social media channels.

The Associate Director will work collaboratively with faculty and staff across campus to develop, organize, and enhance departmental Web workflow and content on college Web sites and Intranet, incorporating current best practices in Web design, usability, information architecture, and the integration of multimedia and social media.

The Associate Director will create, update, and archive content on an ongoing basis based on editorial calendar and need. He or she will ensure creation of high-quality, well-written Web-optimized content, cross-browser support, and proper functionality.

He or she will provide training, guidance, and support to internal users working on institutional pages. Ensure the implementation of Web standards and guidelines that support college graphic standards and style manuals, maintaining the Davidson brand throughout sites.

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS
A bachelor's degree and at least five years professional experience, preferably in a higher education, non-profit, or ad agency setting. Exceptional writing, editing, analytical, and communication skills. Ability to produce Web-optimized content and effectively move content from concept to implementation with little editorial oversight. Strong project management skills: ability to work independently, establish priorities, work within deadlines, organize effectively, and multitask. Candidate should be intellectually curious, creative, collaborative, team-oriented, and client-focused.

Ability to communicate technical subject matter to non-technical audiences and conduct training sessions in front of groups. Strong familiarity with Web publishing software (Dreamweaver), Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Fireworks, Flash), and content management systems. In-depth knowledge of standards-compliant HTML, XHTML, CSS-based design/layout, and JavaScript/AJAX. Good understanding of user-centered design principles, usability, Web accessibility, e-mail marketing, and new media tools (blogging, podcasting, wikis, RSS), online communities, and Web analytics.

Knowledge and experience with Sharepoint and Ingeniux CMS. ?

Experience developing online strategies and creating content for complex, large-scale Web sites. Demonstrated ability to analyze and transform the workflow of functional units with online solutions. Ability to evangelize content standards and processes to stakeholders.

Knowledge of audio and video editing software (Audacity, Final Cut Pro/Express, GarageBand, Quicktime) is desired. Experience with a program language such as PHP or ASP.net and databases (MySQL or Microsoft SQL Server) a plus. Knowledge of graphic design and print publishing process, including Adobe InDesign helpful. ?

To apply, or for more information, please visit http://jobs.davidson.edu.

ABOUT DAVIDSON COLLEGE
Davidson is a highly selective independent liberal arts college for 1,920 students located 20 minutes north of Charlotte in Davidson, N.C. Since its establishment in 1837 by Presbyterians, the college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars and is consistently regarded as one of the top liberal arts colleges in the country. Through The Davidson Trust, the college became the first liberal arts institution in the nation to replace loans with grants in all financial aid packages, giving all students the opportunity to graduate debt-free. Davidson competes in NCAA athletics at the Division I level, and a longstanding Honor Code is central to student life at the college.

Source: http://www.higheredexperts.com/work/job/1365/associate-director-of-digital-communications-davidson-college-at-davidson-college/

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Saturday, December 3, 2011

Krasinski, Hunt, Common among in-crowd at Sundance

In this image released by Sundance Film Festival, Helen Hunt, left, and John Hawkes are shown in a scene from "The Surrogate." The film will be competing at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. (AP Photo/Sundance Film Festival)

In this image released by Sundance Film Festival, Helen Hunt, left, and John Hawkes are shown in a scene from "The Surrogate." The film will be competing at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. (AP Photo/Sundance Film Festival)

In this film image released by Sundance Film Festival, Gina Rodriquez is shown in a scene from "Filly Brown." The film will be competing at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. (AP Photo/Sundance Film Festival, John Castillo)

In this film image released by Sundance Film Festival, Lou Diamond Phillips is shown in a scene from "Filly Brown." The film will be competing at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. (AP Photo/Sundance Film Festival, John Castillo)

In this image released by Sundance Film Festival, William H. Macy, left, and John Hawkes are shown in a scene from "The Surrogate." The film will be competing at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. (AP Photo/Sundance Film Festival)

(AP) ? John Krasinski, Helen Hunt, Michael Cera, Amanda Seyfried, Danny Glover and rap star Common are among the stars with movies heading to the Sundance Film Festival.

Films announced Wednesday that will compete for prizes at next month's independent-film showcase include dramas dealing with family crises, such as director Ry Russo-Young's "Nobody Walks," with "The Office" co-star Krasinski and Olivia Thirlby; "The End of Love," starring Cera, Seyfried, Shannyn Sossamon and writer-director Mark Webber; and Sheldon Candis' "Luv," featuring Glover and Common.

Hunt stars with John Hawkes and William H. Macy in Ben Lewin's "The Surrogate," an unusual story about a 36-year-old man who has spent most of his life on an iron lung and now develops a plan to lose his virginity.

They're among 16 films in Sundance's competition for U.S. dramas, whose past winners included eventual Academy Awards nominees "Winter's Bone," ''Precious" and "Frozen River."

Sundance also announced 16 films competing in each of three other categories: U.S. documentaries, world dramas and world documentaries. The festival runs Jan. 19-29 in Park City, Utah.

Festival director John Cooper said the lineup had gone a bit mainstream and populist some years but that the roster this time has veered squarely back toward the edgy terrain for which lower-budgeted indie films are known. That could have something to do with the uncertain state of the economy, he said.

"I like the eclectic nature of the storytelling," Cooper said. "Filmmakers, for some reason or other, they're not conforming to Hollywood stereotypes, not that independent filmmakers ever did. But I think even less than they did a couple of years ago. They're being bolder, taking risks, telling the stories they want to tell.

"In challenging economic times, artists maybe tend to get a little freer in what they do, and sometimes, maybe even a little better."

The U.S. dramatic competition also includes directors Youssef Delara and Michael D. Olmos' "Filly Brown," a hip-hop saga with Lou Diamond Phillips, Edward James Olmos and relative newcomer Gina Rodriguez in the title role; James Ponsoldt's "Smashed," a story of a booze-loving couple featuring Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Aaron Paul and "The Help" star Octavia Spencer; and So Yong Kim's "For Ellen," starring Paul Dano, Jena Malone and Jon Heder, whose career was launched at Sundance with his title role in "Napoleon Dynamite."

Overseen by Robert Redford's Sundance Institute, the festival will include 110 feature-length films, chosen out of 4,000 submitted from around the world. The festival announces its lineup of star-studded premieres, which will screen out of competition, next week.

Though Hollywood A-listers at Sundance get most of the attention, Redford tries to keep the focus on fresh talent from the indie world.

"We are, and always have been, a festival about the filmmakers," Redford said. "So what are they doing? What are they saying? They are making statements about the changing world we are living in. Some are straightforward, some novel and some offbeat but always interesting. One can never predict. We know only at the end, and I love that."

The Sundance opening night schedule features one title from each of the four competitions: director Todd Louiso's U.S. drama entry "Hello I Must Be Going," a divorce comedy with Melanie Lynskey and Blythe Danner; Australian filmmaker Kieran Darcy-Smith's world drama contender "Wish You Were Here," starring Joel Edgerton and Teresa Palmer in the story of a vacation gone terribly wrong; Lauren Greenfield's U.S. documentary "The Queen of Versailles," about a couple who go bust while building a palatial 90,000-square-foot home; and Malik Bendjelloul's world documentary "Searching for Sugar Man," a British-Danish film tracing the life of a 1970s rock performer who vanished into oblivion.

Sundance once was known almost exclusively as a showcase for rising U.S. filmmakers, but organizers added the international competitions a few years back to raise the festival's profile for overseas films. The result has been an international lineup that included such breakout hits as "An Education," ''Animal Kingdom" and "Once."

"Internationally is where I see a real spike in the caliber of films we had submitted to us," said Trevor Groth, Sundance's programming director. "There are world-class films submitted to us on par with any festival in the world right now. I think international filmmakers are now looking at Sundance as a premier place to launch films. It's not just Cannes or Berlin anymore."

___

Online:

http://www.sundance.org/festival

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2011-11-30-US-Film-Sundance-Competition/id-fa4c04b1a5ac4ebd95822d051caff1b0

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Friday, December 2, 2011

Meet Nashville's square-dancing Occupiers

Christopher Berkey for msnbc.com

Samantha Blanchard works in the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday.

By Miranda Leitsinger, Senior Writer and Editor, msnbc.com

NASHVILLE, Tenn. ? Compared to??Occupy? protests on the coasts, the rebel encampment tucked between Tennessee?s War Memorial Plaza and the Statehouse ? a few dozen tents adorned with American flags and even a libertarian one ? has a decidedly Southern feel.

While protesters in New York, California and elsewhere may often pass their downtime playing drums, meditating or knitting,?their Tennessee counterparts could be playing football, hosting a square dance, flying kites, skateboarding or welcoming opponents with cookies.?


And if conversations on the coasts tend toward left-wing political theory, such as anarchy, Marxism and socialism, protesters here work on bridging a different divide: uniting the ?blue? and ?red? factions in their local audience.

"We do have a lot of conservative voices in this camp and the thing that is really appealing to all of us is we believe in the common ties that bind us,? said Samantha Blanchard, a 30-year-old office administrator who was sheltering in a tent as rain poured down on a frosty, grey Sunday afternoon.?

?This is a place where if people were really going to come together and form that 'purple' (combination of blue and red political affiliations) that everybody lusts for, it?s going to probably happen in this camp.??

While occupiers in several other cities have been forced to retreat, Nashville?s protest -- a core group of about 90 and a looser support network of 400 part-timers -- has survived two attempted evictions on Oct. 28-29.? Fifty-five people were arrested on misdemeanor charges of criminal trespassing that were eventually dismissed, said William P. York II, one of the attorneys who represented them.?

Among them was 64-year-old Bill Howell, regional organizer for the Tennesseans for Fair Taxation.

'I've been treated like a rock star'
Howell, who said he had never been arrested before, had planned for the moment, leading other protesters in a reading of the Declaration of Independence before he was taken into custody.

Christopher Berkey for MSNBC

Bill Howell, 64, a regional organizer of Tennesseans for Fair Taxation, at the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday, Nov. 28. The "23" tag signifies that he was the 23rd protestor arrested in Nashville.

Reaction to the ?Occupy Nashville? protest has been varied, he said, with ?some people going by honking and hollering, ?Get a job!? and you know all the usual stuff. In my community, in some circles, I?ve been treated like a rock star,? he said chuckling, as a train horn blared in the background.

A preliminary injunction has allowed the camp to remain for now, but a status conference will be held with a federal judge on Feb. 3. However, protesters say ?side attacks? have continued, with city inspectors warning about food preparation safety standards and the state attempting to deny them port-a-potties, which was revealed in emails obtained under Tennessee's open records law, said another one of the Occupy Nashville attorneys, William W. Hunt III.

But efforts to squelch the movement only served to fire up ?couch occupiers,? said Jason Steen, 32, an office administrator.

?We had a good number of people here, but it suddenly turned into a First Amendment issue when Governor (Bill) Haslam started evicting everyone for curfew rights,? he said, estimating that the camp size has more than doubled to about 60 tents in the wake of the arrests.

Though Steen has a home, he spends most of his time at the camp and sometimes sleeps there.

?I just feel that strong about it because if we don?t have people down here for when all the legislators are in session and looking out their windows ? what kind of impact are we going to have??

One of those drawn in over First Amendment concerns was Jon Louis, who describes himself as a right-winger with some liberal social tendencies. He said he grew "irritated" as he watched state troopers arrest protesters.

Christopher Berkey for msnbc.com

Samantha Blanchard, Matthew Hamill and Jon Louis spend time in the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday.

Louis, who said some on the right have cast him as a ?plant? in the movement while friends have taken to calling him a "hippie," noted that he does not agree with all of the views put forward at the camp and that it took him a while learning about it before he joined. ?

"There?s some like minds here and there?s also, you know, a melting pot of different opinions," he said, noting he was ?trying to get to the more right conservative South ? mindsets and try to explain it to them, that we aren?t just a bunch of lefties (because) I?m most certainly not a lefty."

Three goals
Despite the range of political beliefs represented in the camp ? and ?Nashville?s reputation as a liberal bastion in the state -- the protesters have winnowed their ?goals? down to three, which are printed on a blue index card and handed out to visitors. They are: ending corporate personhood, getting money out of politics and supporting Occupy Wall Street.

?It?s a lot more conservative here so we definitely have to tailor our approach and our message,? said Elli Whiteway, a 21-year-old college student. ?? We kind of pride ourselves on being a common denominator movement ? that?s been our approach, just trying to be, not exactly centrist, but applicable to both sides of the political spectrum.?

That approach hasn?t won over all conservatives.

The Vanderbilt College Republicans organized a protest at the camp on Nov. 3 ? which the occupiers said they welcomed with cookies and open dialogue.

"We wanted to make known that not all the youths are with the movement, as is perceived by many. Their demands will do nothing but add to the burgeoning debt already on our shoulders," Stephen Siao, the group's president, wrote to msnbc.com in an email. "We think the Occupy Nashville movement is misguided -- they should be protesting at the White House, not at the State Capitol or Wall Street. It's this administration's policies that are prolonging this dreadful economy."

He also said that while Occupy Nashville "might have one or two members who claim to be conservative," the "core of conservatism is personal responsibility, and that is completely the opposite of their demands. We don't believe prosperity should be punished."

At a General Assembly meeting on Sunday, the protesters shivered, stamped their feet and huddled together to keep warm in 45-degree temperatures while outlining upcoming protests, addressing financial donations and discussing a planned two-day meeting of all the state?s occupations ? about a dozen total from towns and cities ? for this weekend.

On the sidelines, Michael Custer, a 47-year-old father of four and self-described rabble-rouser, said that Nashville brings a "unique perspective" to the global movement but also has some additional challenges.

Christopher Berkey for MSNBC

Michael Custer shakes his hands in approval during the General Assembly at the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday, Nov. 28.

"We?re the incubation place for Martin Luther King?s nonviolent struggles. This is his test kitchen. ? So we have some unique perspective on the nonviolent aspect of these types of struggles,? he said. ?The South is generally a lot more laidback and a lot more difficult to motivate. But as you can see ? we are out here in the cold and rain so obviously there are quite a few of us that are motivated.?

Custer said he will always be "vocal," but others are not as willing to express their opinions.

?People are terrified of government, they are terrified to the point that they won?t speak out. They?ll tell you what they think behind closed doors,? he said. ?I think a lot of that?s held over from the old Klan days where when you spoke out, they came and beat you up, or tried to kill you.?

'Express yourself'
With other camps across the country shut down by authorities in recent weeks or facing the threat of eviction, ?it really gives us an opportunity to step in and just become one of the most action-oriented occupations,? said Matt Hamill, 26, a self-described political conservative who works for Radio Free Nashville and hosts a weekly radio show on the movement.

Those actions include even lighter fare, such as a square dancing event with a live band held recently in the plaza.

?(It) really kind of hit home ? (that) this is what occupying is about,? Hamill said of the livestream of the event, which garnered positive feedback from supporters around the country. ?? You should be allowed to express yourself however you want to and not have to worry about anybody coming in and trying to silence your voice or shut you down.?

Blanchard also noted that people in the chat were saying they needed to see such a lighthearted event, that it was ?so cathartic to see a camp having fun.?

?I feel like in a lot of ways ? Nashville is starting to become maybe a bit of a tender spot or a hearthstone for other occupiers,? she added. ?We?re like the little heartbeat, the little southern hospitality of the movement.?

Related stories:?

Defying calls to leave, Occupy LA protesters build a 'stronghold'

To demand or not to demand? That is the 'Occupy' question

Homeowner taps 'Occupy' protest to avoid foreclosure

Faces of the Tea Party (revisited): Views on the election and the 'Occupy' movement

?Dissension among the ranks at Occupy Wall Street

'Occupy' protesters find allies in ranks of the wealthy

Source: http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/11/30/9097482-tale-of-a-southern-occupy-nashville-aims-to-bridge-political-divides

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Shape Shifting Robot Shows Some Spine [Video]

Extreme Tech | Technology

Robots modeled after invertebrate squid, starfish and worms mimic natural movement without the need for complex and expensive mechanical components and assembly

polymer, muscle,robotDO THE WORM: The researchers had their invertebrate-inspired robot execute limbolike moves to navigate underneath a glass plate elevated two centimeters above the ground. Image: Courtesy of Robert Shepherd

The notion that robots must be rigid metallic automatons made mobile by wheels, tracks or even legs has constrained the imagination of their designers. The weight of all those rods, gears and motors quickly adds up, and complex mechanical and electrical control systems are needed for robots to handle delicate objects or navigate across different types of terrain.

A team of researchers, including Harvard University chemist and materials scientist George Whitesides and Robert Shepherd, a postdoctoral fellow at Whitesides's lab, has eschewed this vertebrate-inspired approach in favor of a softer touch. Modeling their work on vastly more flexible, invertebrate squid, starfish and worms, Whitesides and his colleagues, earlier this week, reported online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA that a combination of elastic polymers and pneumatic pumps has supplied the parts list for a simple robot capable of complex motion.

How complex? Their five-centimeter-thick quadruped was able to crawl and undulate its way through a space just two centimeters high. (The researchers actually executed limbolike moves to navigate their bot underneath a glass plate elevated two centimeters above the ground.) The robot, which looks like a pair of Ys joined at the stem, was made using soft lithography in two layers. Soft lithography is an approach to fabricating objects that uses a patterned elastomer as the stamp, mold or mask, as opposed to the more rigid materials used in photolithography.

The most significant breakthrough demonstrated by this flexible robot is that soft materials can provide a solution to natural movement without the need for complex mechanical components and assembly. It also demonstrates the value of considering simple animals when looking for inspiration for robots and machines, the researchers say.

The shape-shifting robot's upper, flexible layer comes embedded with a system of pneumatic channels through which air could pass. The lower one was made of a much more rigid polymer. The researchers placed the actuating layer onto the strain limiting/sealing layer? with a thin coating of silicone adhesive. Air pumped into different valves in the upper layer caused them to inflate and bend the robot into different positions. For example, the robot could lift any one of its four legs off the ground and leave the other three legs planted to provide stability, depending on which channels were inflated.

?

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The researchers are now exploring a variety of methods to design and make such robots autonomous. Onboard condensed-air cylinders and micro compressors are one route. "We will probably need to scale up the size of the robots a bit to support their load," says Whitesides, who is a member of Scientific American's board of advisors . "Additionally, our current tethered, soft robots can be coupled with hard robot systems to transport them to a location and support the load of the offboard cylinders and compressors."

In many applications, tethers are not a disadvantage, and in others, they are desirable or even required, the researchers say. "Remember, most robots?for example, those used in manufacturing?are fixed in place," Whitesides says, adding that autonomous movement is required for only certain tasks.

The researchers acknowledge that simple, inexpensive robots will probably not replace their more costly counterparts, but they could still have multiple uses. Robot-assisted mine rescues offer one possibility. In these, bots carrying cameras trek down narrow-diameter pipes hundreds of meters underground to search for survivors. Such robots are currently made mostly of metal and often become trapped in boreholes when cave-in aftershocks cause the ground to shift.

A potential disadvantage to these Gumbybots is that softer and more pliable material may rupture when moved across rough or sharp surfaces. Still, the researchers say that with the right mix of toughness and flexibility, they can develop robots that are cheaper to produce, lighter, able to be made big or small and much simpler to operate than their hard-metal brethren.

Advances in materials?polymers, in particular?will impact the development of soft robots by enabling them to operate in a higher pressure range, the researchers say. "We would also like elastomers that are tough, in the sense of being resistant to damage by cutting or puncture," Whitesides adds. "The area of soft robotics will provide many interesting problems for polymer scientists and materials scientists to work on."

Advances in artificial muscles would likewise assist in making these pliable robots more compact and provide more reproducible movement. "It would also allow us to mimic some of the very intricate designs to arms, tentacles or other structures directly," Whitesides says.

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Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=a3336055ed664d5cb38875e2d801d1ee

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